Abstract
Background
Fear of post-operative pain often contributes to pre-operative anxiety; accordingly,
pain and anxiety are among the most common complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy (LC).
Aim
The present study aimed to determine the effects of patient education and distraction
using virtual reality (VR) on pre-operative anxiety and post-operative pain in patients
undergoing LC.
Method
This randomized clinical trial included 150 patients in the surgery wards of educational
hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. The participants were randomly assigned to three
groups of education, distraction, and control. The education and distraction groups
watched two five-minute animations and three 360-degree images of nature using VR
glasses 2 hours before and 4 hours after the surgery, respectively. On the other hand,
the control group received routine care. Anxiety was measured using Spielberger's
State Anxiety Inventory before and half an hour after the intervention. Moreover,
the pain was measured using the visual analog scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire.
Results
The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the two VR groups regarding the
pre-operative anxiety mean scores, compared with the control group (p < .001). Furthermore, a significant reduction was observed in post-operative pain scores
of patients in the two intervention groups compared with the control group (p = .001).
Conclusions
As evidenced by the results, both VR approaches of patient education and distraction
equally decreased pre-operative anxiety and post-operative pain in patients undergoing
LC.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 17, 2023
Accepted:
December 23,
2022
Received in revised form:
December 6,
2022
Received:
December 27,
2021
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
