Abstract
Background
Intramuscular injection is one of the most common, invasive, and painful ways to deliver
medicine to the body.
Aim
Since one of the nurse's duties is to employ different methods to reduce pain caused
by treatment procedures, this study was conducted to determine the effect of lidocaine
spray and ice spray on pain intensity at the muscle injection site.
Method
A clinical trial was performed on 90 patients presenting to outpatient clinics of
Neyshabur hospitals. The samples were selected using a computerized table of random
numbers, and each participant was randomly assigned to one of the control, lidocaine
spray, and ice spray groups. Pain severity was measured immediately after intramuscular
injection using a numerical pain scale. Descriptive statistics along with statistical
tests (chi-square, Fisher, etc.) were used to analyze the data in the R environment
version 3.6.2. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compare pain intensity in the
three groups by adjusting the effect of age variables and sensory disorders.
Results
The mean pain intensity was 3.44 without intervention, 2.63 with lidocaine spray,
and 2.27 with ice spray. Statistical tests indicated a significant difference in pain
intensity of intramuscular injection between the ice group and the control group (p = .010). Although lidocaine spray reduced the pain intensity, its effect was insignificant
compared with the control group.
Conclusions
Both ice and lidocaine spray can be effectively used to reduce the intensity of intramuscular
injection pain; however, it seems that ice spray is a more effective, safe, and affordable
method.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 30, 2022
Accepted:
July 30,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 12,
2022
Received:
February 21,
2021
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
