Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Reiki on pain, anxiety, and
hemodynamic parameters on postoperative days 1 and 2 in patients who had undergone
cesarean delivery. The design of this study was a randomized, controlled clinical
trial. The study took place between February and July 2011 in the Obstetrical Unit
at Odemis Public Hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Ninety patients equalized by age and number
of births were randomly assigned to either a Reiki group or a control group (a rest
without treatment). Treatment applied to both groups in the first 24 and 48 hours
after delivery for a total of 30 minutes to 10 identified regions of the body for
3 minutes each. Reiki was applied for 2 days once a day (in the first 24 and 48 hours)
within 4-8 hours of the administration of standard analgesic, which was administered
intravenously by a nurse. A visual analog scale and the State Anxiety Inventory were
used to measure pain and anxiety. Hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure
(systolic and diastolic), pulse and breathing rates, and analgesic requirements also
were recorded. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity (p = .000), anxiety value (p = .000), and breathing rate (p = .000) measured over time were found between the two groups. There was a statistically
significant difference between the two groups in the time (p = .000) and number (p = .000) of analgesics needed after Reiki application and a rest without treatment.
Results showed that Reiki application reduced the intensity of pain, the value of
anxiety, and the breathing rate, as well as the need for and number of analgesics.
However, it did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Reiki application as a nursing
intervention is recommended as a pain and anxiety-relieving method in women after
cesarean delivery.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Pain Management NursingAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and fatigue of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010; 7: 375-381
- Performance brief: Using Reiki to support surgical patients.Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 1999; 13: 89-91
- Reiki: A complementary therapy for nursing practice.Journal of Psychosocial Nursing& Mental Health Services. 2001; 39: 42-49
- Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007.National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD2008
- Hemşirelik süreci. Şti. 8. Etki Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Ltd, Basım, İzmir2007
- Reiki as a clinical intervention in oncology nursing practice.Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2008; 12: 489-494
- The effect of Reiki on women's preoperative anxiety in an ambulatory surgery center.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2010; 25: 196-198
- The conceptual structure of physical touch in caring.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001; 33: 820-827
- Meaning of ki related to touch in caring.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2001; 16: 73-84
- The nature of touch therapy related to ki: Practitioners' perspective.Nursing and Health Sciences. 2003; 5: 103-114
- Using Reiki to decrease memory and behavior problems in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2006; 12: 911-913
- Caesarean section, high risk pregnancy.in: James D.K. Steer P.J. Weiner C.P. Gonik B. High risk pregnancy: Management options. Vol. 68, 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders, 1994: 1217-1229
- Effects of Reiki on pain and selected affective and personality variables of chronically ill patients.Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine. 1998; 9: 51-82
- Symptoms of distress as prospective predictors of pain-related sciatica treatment outcomes.Pain. 2007; 130: 47-55
- Energy healing and pain.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2010; 24: 79-88
- Effects of Reiki on autonomic activity early after acute coronary syndrome.Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010; 56: 995-999
- A systematic review of the use of Reiki in health care.Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 2008; 14: 37-42
- Postoperative pain after caesarean birth affects breastfeeding and infant care.Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 2007; 36: 430-440
- Factors affecting spinal cord stimulation outcome in chronic benign pain with suggestions to improve success rate.Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement. 2007; 97: 91-99
- Effects of Reiki in clinical practice: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.Journal of Clinical Practice. 2008; 62: 947-954
- Autonomic nervous system changes during Reiki treatment: A preliminary study.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2004; 10: 1077-1081
- Reiki-review of a biofield therapy history, theory, practice and research.Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2003; 9: 62-72
- NANDA: Nursing diagnoses: Definitions and classifications (2005-2006).Author, Philadelphia2005
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). (2007). Reiki clinical trials. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from http://nccam.nih.gov/clinicaltrials/reiki.htm
- A phase II trial of Reiki for management of pain in advanced cancer patients.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2003; 26: 990-997
- Türkiye'de kullanılan psikolojik testlerden örnekler.Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi, Istanbul2006 (2.Baskı)
- Reiki as a rehabilitative nursing intervention for pain management: A case study.Rehabilitation Nursing. 2008; 33: 231-232
- The Reiki touch workbook.Sounds True, Louisville, CO2005
- Effects of Reiki on anxiety, depression, pain, and physiological factors in community-dwelling older adults.Research in Gerontological Nursing. 2010; 3: 187-199
- Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliği.Sistem Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara2007 (VIII. Baskı)
- Effect of Reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in adults: An in-depth literature review of randomized trials with effect size calculations.Pain Management Nursing. 2014; (Advance online publication)
- Pilot crossover trial of Reiki versus rest for treating cancer-related fatigue.Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2007; 6: 25-35
- The effect of distant Reiki on pain in women after elective caesarean section: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.BMJ Open. 2011; 1: e000021
- A systematic review of the therapeutic effects of Reiki.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2009; 15: 1157-1169
- An integrative review of Reiki touch therapy research.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2007; 21: 167-179
- Nurse's lived experience of Reiki for self-care.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2009; 23: 129-145
- The effect of Reiki on pain and anxiety in women with abdominal hysterectomies.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2006; 20: 263-272
- Biological correlates of Reiki touch healing.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001; 33: 439-445
- Reconnecting to nursing through Reiki.Creative Nursing. 2010; 16: 171-176
- Pain management.in: Potter P.A. Perry A.G. Fundamentals of nursing. 7th ed. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis2009: 1051-1085
- Ağrıda kullanılan nonfarmakolojik yöntemler.in: Aslan F.E. Ağrı Doğası ve Kontrolü. Avrupa Tıp Kitapçılık Ltd. Şti, Bilim Yayınları2006: 1235-1247
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
September 8,
2014
Received in revised form:
September 5,
2014
Received:
December 17,
2013
Footnotes
This manuscript was presented as an oral presentation at the 2012 International Clinical Nursing Research Congress in Izmir, Turkey. TSM, an expert Reiki practitioner who obtained certificates of Usui Reiki in 2002, provided all the Reiki applications in this study. This study was funded by Ege University Scientific Research Project-11-OSYO-002 in Izmir, Turkey.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
