Abstract
Primary fibromyalgia, a poorly understood chronic pain syndrome, is a disorder of
uncertain etiology. The ultimate goal of fibromyalgia treatment is to develop a multimodal
therapy. In recent years, the use of music as an intervention for the pain management
and other symptoms has increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
effects of music on pain and depression for people diagnosed with fibromyalgia using
Rogers’ theory of the unitary human being as the theoretical framework. An experimental
4-week longitudinal trial design was undertaken. Sixty patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia
were randomly assigned to either a music intervention group or a control group. Music
interventions consisted of listening to music once a day for 4 consecutive weeks using
two types of CDs. Pain was measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire Long Form and
depression with the Beck inventory; a100-mm visual analog scale was used to measure
pain and depression. The treatment group reported a significant reduction in pain
and depression at week 4 compared with the control group. Members of the control group
reported no differences in pain. The findings of this pilot study suggest the importance
of music therapy as a nursing intervention and justify further investigation into
music as a self-management intervention to reduce pain and depression.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Subscribe to Pain Management Nursing
Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Cancer related pain; Part II: Assessment with visual analogue scales.Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1984; 8: 121-124
- An overview of music therapy research.Complement Therapy Medicine. 1994; 2: 204-216
- The effect of music on postoperative pain and anxiety.Pain Management Nursing. 2010; 11: 15-25
- Frequently asked questions about music therapy.(Retrieved April 2009 from)http://www.musictherapy.org/faqs.htmlDate: 2005
- Correlates of depression in chronic pain patients: A comprehensive examination.Pain. 1996; 65: 93-100
- The theoretical matrix for a Rogerian nursing practice.Journal of Nursing Theory. 2000; 9: 3-7
- The therapeutic use of music for cancer-related pain.Oncology Nursing Forum. 1991; 18: 127-137
- Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to pain and depression.Arthritis and Rheumatis, m. 2008; 59: 961-967
- A revised Spanish version of the Beck depressive inventory: Psychometric propierties with a Puerto Rican sample of college students.Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2004; 60: 119-130
- The therapeutic use of music: A literature review.Nursing Forum. 1981; 20: 252-266
- The effectiviness of music as an intervention for hospital patients: A systematic review.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2002; 37: 8-18
- Depression in painful chronic disorders: The role of pain and conflict about pain.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1994; 9: 520-526
- Pain in Spanish rheumatology outpatient offices: EPIDOR epidemiological study.Revista Clínica Española. 2005; 205: 1057-1059
- Management of fibromyalgia syndrome.The Journal of American Medical Assosiation. 2004; 292: 2388-2395
- Translation and validation of arthritis outcome measures into Spanish.Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995; 38: 1429-1446
- Relief of postoperative pain with jaw relaxation, muisc, and their combination.Pain. 1999; 81: 163-172
- The effects of Western music on postoperative pain in Taiwan.Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science. 1998; 14: 94-103
- Postoperative pain relief across activities and days with jaw relaxation, music, and their combination.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001; 33: 208-215
- A comparison of the effects of jaw relaxation and music on postoperative pain.Nursing Research. 1995; 44: 52-57
- A music therapy strategy for depressed older adults in the community.Journal of Applied Gerontology. 1990; 9: 283-298
- Effects of a music therapy strategy on depressed older adults.Journal of Gerontology. 1994; 49: 265-269
- The use of music during the immediate postoperative recovery period.Association of Operating Room Nurses Journal. 1997; 65: 777-785
- The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer.Journal of Music Therapy. 2003; 40: 133-137
- Music therapy in hospice and palliative care: A review of the empirical data.Evidenced-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005; 2: 173-178
- The experience of chronic nonmalignant pain.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 1994; 9: 312-318
- Effect of music on vital signs and postoperative pain.Association of Operating Room Nurses Journal. 2004; 80: 269-278
- Pain measurement: Construct validity of the affective dimension of the McGill pain questionnaire with chronic benign pain patients.Pain. 1981; 11: 93-100
- The effects of single-session music therapy interventions on the observed and self-reported levels of pain control, physical comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients.American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care. 2001; 18: 383-390
- The use of Beck Depression Inventory to screen for depression in the general population: a preliminary analysis.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000; 57: 261-265
- Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States.Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008; 58: 26-35
- The development of a Spanish questionnaire for assessing pain: Preliminary data concerning reliability and validity.European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 1994; 10: 145-151
- Music as nursing intervention for pain in five Asian countries.International Nursing Review. 2006; 53: 189-196
- Rogerian science–based nursing theories.Nursing Science Quarterly. 2006; 19: 7-12
- Nursing the patient in pain.Harper and Row, London1979
- Music listening as a nursing intervention: A symphony of practice.Holistic Nursing Practice. 2002; 16: 70-77
- Effect of music on chronic osteoarthritis pain in older adults.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003; 44: 517-524
- The short-form McGill pain questionnaire.Pain. 1987; 30: 191-197
- The McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods.Pain. 1975; 1: 277-299
- Effects of music preference and selection on stress reduction.Journal of Holistic Nursing. 1992; 10: 101-109
- What happens to the fibromyalgia concept?.Clinical Rheumatology. 2000; 19: 1-5
- Epidemiology of fibromyalgia.Current Pain & Headache Report. 2003; 7: 362-368
- Notes on nursing; What it is and what it is not.Lippincott, Philadelphia1859
- The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain.Pain. 1983; 17: 45-56
Rogers, M.E. (1970). An introduction to the theoretical basis of nursing. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia.
- Health patterns of women with fibromyalgia.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1996; 26: 556-557
- Music and pattern change in chronic pain.Advances in Nursing Science. 1993; 15: 27-36
- Construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory to screen for the depressive population.Jounal of Affective Disorder. 1997; 46: 115-125
- The patients’ experiences of their chronic nonmalignant pain.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1996; 24: 1160-1168
- Effect of music on power, pain and depression, and disability.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2006; 54: 553-562
- The effects of music versus silence on measures of state anxiety, perceived relaxation, and physiological responses of patients receiving chiropractic interventions.Journal of Music Therapy. 1997; 34: 88-105
- Synergy toward health: A nursing intervention model for women living with fibromyalgia and their spouses.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2002; 38: 264-273
- Chronic pain: A guide to nursing intervention.Applied Nursing Research. 1988; 1: 8-13
- The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population.Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995; 38: 19-25
- A prospective longitudinal multicentre study of service utilisation and costs in fibromyalgia.Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997; 40: 1560-1570
- Effects of music in patients who had chronic cancer pain.Western Journal of Nursing Research. 1989; 11: 298-309
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: November 29, 2010
Accepted:
September 24,
2010
Received in revised form:
September 24,
2010
Received:
July 22,
2010
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
