Pain Management Nursing
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 166-170.e4, December 2008

Development of the Samuels Scale to Rate Pain Management Documentation

  • Joanne G. Samuels, PhD, RN

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Joanne G. Samuels, Hewitt Hall Rm. 253, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
  • ,
  • Susan Fetzer, PhD, MBA, RN

University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Abstract 

Charting deficits and nominal-level data create difficulties when rating pain management documentation (PMD) quality. Researchers developed an interval level rating scale using Q-methodology. Pain entries (340), sorted into patterns, were rank ordered by nine pain management experts and distributed across a 7-point scale. Rankings demonstrated agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96). One factor explained 77.19% of the variance. Reliability and validity were supported. Interval level data enable more robust testing of interventions to improve PMD outcomes.

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PII: S1524-9042(08)00109-4

doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2008.06.004

Pain Management Nursing
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 166-170.e4, December 2008