Pain Management Nursing
Volume 8, Issue 4 , Pages 166-172 , December 2007

The Role of Urine Toxicology in Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy

  • Peggy Compton, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Peggy Compton, Factor Building 4-246, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.

References 

  1. Adams NJ, Plane MB, Fleming MF, Mundt MP, Saunders LA, Stauffacher EA. Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain in a primary care sample. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2001;22:791–796
  2. Antoin H, Beasley RD. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: tailoring the therapy to fit the patient and the pain. Postgraduate Medicine. 2004;116:37–4043–44
  3. Atluri S, Sudarshan G. Evaluation of abnormal urine drug screens among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain treated with opioids. Pain Physician. 2003;6:407–409
  4. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez K, Jamison RN. Validation of a screener and opioid assessment measure for patients with chronic pain. Pain. 2004;11:65–75
  5. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Improving treatment for drug exposed infants (Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) series 5; DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-2011). Rockville MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 1993;
  6. Christo PJ. Opioid effectiveness and side effects in chronic pain. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America. 2003;21:699–713
  7. Compton P, Athanasos P. Chronic pain, substance abuse and addiction. The Nursing Clinics of North America. 2003;38:525–538
  8. Federation of State Medical Boards. Model Policy for the Use of Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain. 2004;May. http://www.fsmb.org/pdf/2004_grpol_Controlled_Substances.pdf
  9. Fishbain D, Cutler RB, Rosomoff HL, Rosomoff R, Steele R. Validity of self-reported drug use in chronic pain patients. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 1999;15:184–191
  10. Gourlay DL, Heit HA, Almahrez A. Universal precautions in pain medicine: a rational approach to the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Medicine. 2005;6:107–112
  11. Heit HA, Gourlay DL. Urine drug testing in pain medicine. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2004;2:260–267
  12. Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, McQuay H. Opioids in chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain. 2004;112:372–380
  13. Katz N, Fanciullo GJ. Role of urine toxicology testing in the management of chronic opioid therapy. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 2002;18:S76–S82
  14. Katz N, Sherburne S, Beach M, et al. Behavioral monitoring and urine toxicology testing in patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2003;97:1097–1102
  15. Macario A, Pergolizzi JV. Urine drug testing in chronic pain patients taking opioids: A clinical practice update. International Journal of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care. 2005;4:133–139
  16. National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA InfoFacts: national trends. 2004;Revised. http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/nationtrends.html
  17. Passik SD, Schreiber J, Kirsh K, Portenoy RK. A chart review of the ordering and documentation of urine toxicology screens in cancer centers: do they influence patient management?. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2000;19:40–44
  18. Rowbotham MC, Twilling L, Davies PS, Reisner L, Taylor K, Mohr D. Oral opioid therapy for chronic and peripheral and central neuropathic pain. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348:1223–1232
  19. Shurman J, Backer RC. Focus on urine drug monitoring. Practical Pain Management. 2006;6:60–67March
  20. Stamer UM, Bayerer B, Stuber F. Genetics and variability in opioid response. European Journal of Pain. 2005;9:101–104(London, England)
  21. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Division of Workplace Programs. Preventing employees from cheating on a urine drug test. 2005;March. http://dwp.samhsa.gov/DrugTesting/Files_Drug_Testing/Federal/Preventing%20Cheaters%20-%20March 02005.pdf.
  22. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: national findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH series H-30; DHHS publication no. SMA 06-4194). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2006;
  23. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Division of Workplace Programs. Drug testing. analytical methods.. 2007;http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov/DrugTesting/AnalyticalTesting/index.html. Accessed February 15, 2007
  24. Walker JM, Hohmann AG. Cannabinoid mechanisms of pain suppression. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2005;168:509–554
  25. Wasan A, Michna E, Nedeljkovic S, Jamison R. Urine toxicology screening among chronic pain patients on opioid therapy: frequency and predictability of abnormal findings. 2006;Paper presented at American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2006 Fall Pain Medicine Meeting and Workshops; November 17, 2006; San Francisco, CA. Abstract A-2.

PII: S1524-9042(07)00079-3

doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2007.06.001

Pain Management Nursing
Volume 8, Issue 4 , Pages 166-172 , December 2007