Pain Management Nursing
Volume 7, Issue 4 , Pages 176-182 , December 2006

Differences in Pain Patterns for Infected and Noninfected Patients with Burn Injuries

  • Oili M. Tengvall, RN, CCN, BNSc

      Affiliations

    • Burn Unit, Institution of Surgical Sciences, Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Sections for Nursing Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Oili Tengvall, RN, CCN, BNSc, Burn Unit, Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Solna, Sweden.
    • ,
  • Viveca C. Björnhagen, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Burn Unit, Institution of Surgical Sciences, Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Sections for Nursing Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Christina Lindholm, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institution of Surgical Sciences, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden/Kristianstad University.
    • ,
  • Carl-Evert Jonsson, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Burn Unit, Institution of Surgical Sciences, Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Sections for Nursing Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Yvonne Wengström, OCN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology, Carin Science and Society, Sections for Nursing Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

References 

  1. Akhtar-Danesh N. A review of statistical methods for analysing pain measurements. European Journal of Pain. 2001;5:457–463
  2. Appelgren P, Bjornhagen V, Bragderyd K, Jonsson CE, Ransjo U. A prospective study of infections in burn patients. Burns. 2002;28:39–46
  3. Appelgren P, Hellstrom I, Weitzberg E, Soderlund V, Bindslev L, Ransjo U. Risk factors for nosocomial intensive care infection: A long-term prospective analysis. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2001;45:710–719
  4. Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2001;8:1153–1157
  5. Bird SB, Dickson EW. In: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 38:20001;p. 672–674
  6. Choiniere, M. (2001). Burn pain: A unique challenge. International Association for the Study of Pain (!ASP), 9.
  7. Choiniere M, Auger FA, Latarjet J. Visual analogue thermometer: A valid and useful instrument for measuring pain in burned patients. Burns. 1994;20:229–235
  8. Choiniere M, Melzack R, Girard N, Rondeau J, Paquin MJ. Comparisons between patients’ and nurses’ assessment of pain and medication efficacy in severe burn injuries (The pain of burns: Characteristics and correlates). Pain. 1990;40:143–152
  9. Choiniere M, Melzack R, Rondeau J, Girard N, Paquin MJ. The pain of burns: Characteristics and correlates. The Journal of Trauma. 1989;29:1531–1539
  10. de Jong AE, Bremer AM, Schouten M, Tunebreijer WE, Faber AW. Burns. 2005;31:198–204
  11. Geyik MF, Aldemir M, Hosoglu S, Tacyildiz HI. Epidemiology of burn unit infections in children. American Journal of Infection Control. 2003;31:342–346
  12. Helvig EI, Upright J, Bartleson BJ, Kagan RJ. Development of burn outcomes and quality indicators (A project of the ABA Committee on Organization and Delivery of Burn Care). The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation. 1995;16:208–211
  13. Iafrati NS. Pain on the burn unit: Patient vs nurse perceptions. The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation. 1986;7:413–416
  14. Jonsson A, Lindblom L, Gustafsson T, Cassuto J, Jonsson CE. Background pain in burn patients: Routine measurement and recording of pain intensity in a burn unit. Burns. 1998;24:460–463
  15. Jonsson CE, Dalsgaard CJ. Early excision and skin grafting of selected burns of the face and neck. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1991;88:83–92
  16. Jonsson CE, Ericsson F. Impairment of renal function after treatment of a burn patient with diclofenac, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. Burns. 1995;21:471–473
  17. Latarjet J, Choinere M. Pain in burn patients. Burns. 1995;21:344–348
  18. Liljedahl SO, Lamke LO, Jonsson CE, Nordstrom H, Nylen B. Warm dry air treatment of 345 patients with burns exceeding 20 per cent of the body surface. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1979;13:205–210
  19. Lund CC, Browder NC. The estimation of areas of burns. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1944;79:352–358
  20. Lynch M. Pain as the fifth vital sign. Journal of Intravenous Nursing. 2001;24:85–94
  21. Marvin JA. Pain assessment versus measurement. Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation. 1995;16:348–357
  22. McManus AT, Mason AD, McManus WF, Pruitt BA. A decade of reduced gram-negative infections and mortality associated with improved isolation of burned patients. Archives of Surgery. 1994;129:1306–1309
  23. Melzack R. Pain—an overview. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1999;43:880–884
  24. Montgomery RK. Pain management in burn injury. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 2004;16:34–39
  25. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) report, data summary from October 1986 to April 1996, issued May 1996. (1996). American Journal of Infection Control, 24, 380-388.
  26. Oncul O, Yuksel F, Altunay H, Acikel C, Celikoz B, Cavuslu S. The evaluation of nosocomial infection during 1-year-period in the burn unit of a training hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Burns. 2002;28:738–744
  27. Patterson D, Hoflund H, Espey K, Sharar S. Pain management. Burns. 2004;30:A10–A15
  28. Polit DF, Beck , Totano C. Nursing research: Principles and methods. In: Nursing research: Principles and methods. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 2003;p. 431–434
  29. Rae CP, Gallagher G, Watson S, Kinsella J. An audit of patient perception compared with medical and nursing staff estimation of pain during burn dressing changes. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2000;17:43–45
  30. Raymond I, Nielsen TA, Lavigne G, Manzini C, Choiniere M. Quality of sleep and its daily relationship to pain intensity in hospitalized adult burn patients. Pain. 2001;92:381–388
  31. Santucci SG, Gobara S, Santos CR, Fontana C, Levin AS. Infections in a burn intensive care unit: Experience of seven years. Journal of Hospital Infections. 2003;53:6–13
  32. Taylor GD, Kibsey P, Kirkland T, Burroughs E, Tredget E. Predominance of staphylococcal organisms in infections occurring in a burns intensive care unit. Burns. 1992;18:332–335
  33. Tobiasen J, Hiebert JM, Edlich RF. The abbreviated burn severity index. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1982;11:260–262
  34. Tredget, E. E., Shankowsky, H. A., Rennie, R., Burrell, R. F., & Logsetty S. Pseudomonas infections in the thermally injured patient. Burns, 30, 3–26.
  35. Vincent JL. Nosocomial infections in adult intensive-care units. Lancet. 2003;361:2068–2077
  36. Wurtz R, Karajovic M, Dacumos E, Jovanovic B, Hanumadass M. Nosocomial infections in a burn intensive care unit. Burns. 1995;21:181–184

PII: S1524-9042(06)00146-9

doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2006.09.002

Pain Management Nursing
Volume 7, Issue 4 , Pages 176-182 , December 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution