Pain Management Nursing
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 126-132 , September 2006

Patient-Controlled Oral Analgesia: A Low-Tech Solution in a High-Tech World

  • Patti Kastanias, RN, MSc(A), ACNP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint request to Patti Kastanias, RN, MSc(A), ACNP, Pain Service, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, McL2427A, Toronto, ONT M5T 258.
  • ,
  • Kianda E. Snaith, RN, MScN, APRN, PhD(c)
  • ,
  • Sandra Robinson, RN, MN/ACNP(c), CNCC(C)

References 

  1. Apfelbaum JL , Chen C , Mehta SS , Gan TJ . Postoperative pain experience (results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged) . Anesthesia & Analgesia . 2003;97(2):534–540
  2. Ballantyne JC , Carr DB , DeFerranti S , Suarez T , Lau J , Chalmers TC , et al.   The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome (cumulative meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials) . Anesthesia & Analgesia . 1998;86(3):598–612
  3. Bertolini G , Minelli C , Latronico N , Cattaneo A , Mura G , Melotti RM , et al.   The use of analgesic drugs in postoperative patients (the neglected problem of pain control in intensive care units. An observational, prospective, multicenter study in 128 Italian intensive care units) . Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 2002;58(1):73–77
  4. Carr DB , Goudas LC . Acute pain . Lancet . 1999;353(9169):2051–2058
  5. Coluzzi PH . Oral patient-controlled analgesia . Seminars in Oncology . 1997;24(5 Suppl 16):S16-35–S16-42
  6. Coley KC , Williams BA , DaPos SV , Chen C , Smith RB . Retrospective evaluation of unanticipated admissions and readmissions after same day surgery and associated costs . Journal of Clinical Anesthesia . 2002;14(5):349–353
  7. Dallison A . Self administration of oral pain relief…part 2 . Nursing Oxford . 1991;4(35):30–31
  8. Faries J . Taking another route to pain relief . Nursing . 1997;27(6):28
  9. Gerteis M , Edgeman-Levitan S , Daley J , Delbanco TL . Through the patients’ eyes (understanding and promoting patient-centered care) . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1993;
  10. Jones L . Patient controlled oral analgesia . Orthopaedic Nursing . 1987;6(1):38–41
  11. Karpman RR , Bontrager J , Quinn P . The use of self-administration system for oral analgesics on an orthopedic service . Orthopaedic Review . 1989;18(1):120–122
  12. Katz J , Jackson M , Kavanagh BP , Sandler AN . Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain . Clinical Journal of Pain . 1996;12(1):50–55
  13. Litman RS , Shapiro BS . Oral patient controlled analgesia in adolescents . Journal of Pain & Symptom Management . 1992;7(2):78–81
  14. McCaffery M . Nursing practice theories related to cognition, bodily pain, and man-environment interactions . Los Angeles: University of Los Angeles Students’ Store; 1968;
  15. McCaffery M , Pasero C . Pain (clinical manual) . St. Louis: Mosby; 1999;
  16. Merskey H , Bogduk N . Classification of chronic pain, second edition, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy . Seattle: IASP Press; 1994;
  17. Moore SM . Development of discharge information for recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery . Applied Nursing Research . 1994;7:170–177
  18. Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital . Quality Report . Toronto, Ont: Author; 2003;
  19. Orillia Solder’s Memorial Hospital . Oral patient controlled analgesia program . Number III-i-207 Nursing manual procedure . Orillia, Ontario. Toronto, Ont: Author; 1997;
  20. Pasero C . Oral patient controlled analgesia (it can work in the hospital) . American Journal of Nursing . 2000;100(3):198–200
  21. Rawal N . Treating postoperative pain improves outcome . Minerva Anestesiologica . 2001;67(9 Suppl 1):200–205
  22. Riordan SW , Beam K , Okabe-Yamamura T . Introducing patient controlled oral analgesia . Nursing . 2004;34(9):20
  23. Striebel HW , Romer M , Kopf A , Schwagmeier R . Patient controlled oral analgesia with morphine . Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia . 1996;43(7):749–753
  24. Striebel HW , Scheitza W , Philippi W , Behrens U , Toussaint S . Quantifying oral analgesic consumption using a novel method and comparison with patient-controlled intravenous analgesic consumption . Anesthesia & Analgesia . 1998;86(5):1051–1053
  25. Taylor H . A self administration of balanced oral analgesia—the successful ‘low-tech’ approach to pain management following caesarean section . Midwifery Digest . 1999;9(1):81–85
  26. The Scarborough Hospital, Grace Division . Self-administered mediation in oncology patients . Number 1-c-221 Formulary Mediation Policies and Guidelines, Department of Pharmacy/Nursing . Scarborough, Ont: Author; 1990;
  27. The Scarborough Hospital, Grace Division . Postpartum self-medication program . Number 5-p-70 Formulary Medication Policies and Guidelines . Scarborough, Ont: Author; 1998;
  28. Thorpe DM . Cost effective pain management . Dimensions in Oncology Nursing . 1990;4(4):28–29
  29. Watt-Watson J , Garfinkel P , Gallop R , Stevens B , Streiner D . The impact of nurses’ empathic responses on patients’ pain management in acute care . Nursing Research . 2000;49(4):191–200
  30. Watt-Watson J , Stevens B , Costello J , Katz J , Reid G . Impact of preoperative education on pain management outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (a pilot) . Canadian Journal of Nursing Research . 2000;31(4):41–56

PII: S1524-9042(06)00086-5

doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2006.06.003

Pain Management Nursing
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 126-132 , September 2006